Karakteristik Radiometrik
Citra Sentinel-2 MSI memiliki spektral band yang sangat identik dengan Landsat 8 OLI dan juga Landsat 7 ETM+ (kecuali pada band termal/TIRS). Adapun komparasi spektral tersebut dapat direpresentasikan pada gambar berikut:
Padanan band yang memiliki karakteristik spektral yang mirip pada grafik di atas saya sederhanakan menjadi dalam bentuk tabel berikut ini:
Komposit Citra
Dengan jumlah band yang cukup banyak baik pada Landsat 8 ataupun Sentinel-2 kita dapat memperoleh banyak informasi dengan cara mengkombinasikan band dalam komposit RGB sehingga tervisualisasikan dalam bentuk citra pseudo-color (warna palsu).
Berikut ini saya berikan beberapa kombinasi band yang umum seperti natural color, color infrared, agriculture, dan lain-lain, pada sensor satelit Landsat 7, Landsat 8, dan Sentinel-2.
| Kombinasi Band | Landsat 7 | Landsat 8 | Sentinel 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Natural Color | 3 – 2 – 1 | 4 – 3 – 2 | 4 – 3 – 2 |
| False Color (urban) | 7 – 5 – 3 | 7 – 6 – 4 | 12 – 11 – 4 |
| Color Infrared (vegetation) | 4 – 3 – 2 | 5 – 4 – 3 | 8 – 4 – 3 |
| Agriculture | 5 – 4 – 1 | 6 – 5 – 2 | 11 – 8 – 2 |
| Atmospheric Penetration | 7 – 5 – 4 | 7 – 6 – 5 | 12 – 11 – 8 |
| Healthy Vegetation | 4 – 5 – 1 | 5 – 6 – 2 | 8 – 11 – 2 |
| Land/Water | 4 – 5 – 3 | 5 – 6 – 4 | 8 – 11 – 4 |
| Natural With Atmospheric Removal | 7 – 4 – 2 | 7 – 5 – 3 | 12 – 8 – 3 |
| Shortwave Infrared | 7 – 4 – 3 | 7 – 5 – 4 | 12 – 8 – 4 |
| Vegetation Analysis | 5 – 4 – 3 | 6 – 5 – 4 | 11 – 8 – 4 |
Berikut ini saya tampilkan penggunaan komposit band agriculture di daerah Delta Mahakam pada citra Landsat 7 ETM+, Landsat 8 OLI, dan Sentinel-2 MSI, namun karena citra diakusisi dalam waktu yang berbeda-beda tentunya akan ada efek atmosfer yang mempengaruhi setiap scene-nya. Untuk citra Landsat 7 ETM+ sendiri sudah melalui tahap destriping (klik di sini untuk mengetahui proses destriping pada citra Landsat 7).
Penutup
Ada alasan sendiri kita harus mengetahui kesamaan karakteristik spektral dari produk 3 satelit di atas, salah satunya karena ketiga sumber citra tersebut merupakan sumber data yang sangat berharga dan dapat diperoleh secara gratis. Selain itu hal ini tentunya sangat menguntungkan untuk para user yang melakukan pengolahan pada daerah tropis dikarenakan memiliki persentase tutupan awan cukup tinggi. Sehingga misal; jika pada range waktu yang kita inginkan terdapat banyak tutupan awan pada citra Landsat 8, maka kita bisa beralih ke citra Sentinel-2 yang mungkin memiliki persentase tutupan awan yang lebih rendah, begitupun sebaliknya.
Resolusi pixel yang lebih tinggi pada citra Sentinel-2 (10m/px vs 30m/px dibanding Landsat 8) tentunya cukup menarik, karena kita dapat memperoleh detail informasi yang lebih baik. Selain itu rencana peluncuran suksesor dari program Landsat yaitu Landsat 9 juga menarik untuk diikuti perkembangannya di sini karena akan membawa banyak penyempurnaan dari versi satelit Landsat terdahulu.
Sumber: https://www.esri.com/arcgis-blog/products/product/imagery/band-combinations-for-landsat-8/ https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/usgs-eros-archive-sentinel-2-comparison-sentinel-2-and-landsat?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects https://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/landsat-8/ https://sentinel.esa.int/web/sentinel/user-guides/sentinel-2-msi/ https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-are-band-designations-landsat-satellites?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products
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